تأثیر تروماهای دوران کودکی بر اختلالات اضطرابی و افسردگی در نوجوانی: مرور روایتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه آموزشی مشاوره، دانشگاه اصفهان ، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه مشاوره دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تجربه تروماهای دوران کودکی به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم خطرساز برای بروز اختلالات افسردگی و اضطرابی در نوجوانان شناخته شده است. هدف این مرور روایتی، بررسی تأثیر انواع تروماهای دوران کودکی بر اختلالات افسردگی و اضطرابی در نوجوانان و نقش احتمالی متغیرهای میانجی بود.

روش: در این مرور روایتی، مطالعات مرتبط با تأثیر تروماهای دوران کودکی بر اختلالات اضطرابی و افسردگی در نوجوانان از طریق پایگاه‌های داده PubMed ،Scopus و Google Scholar شناسایی و بررسی شدند. داده‌های استخراج‌شده از 25 مطالعه برای شناسایی پیامدهای روانی، انواع تروماها، ابزارهای سنجش، نقش متغیرهای میانجی و ویژگی‌های نمونه‌ها مورد تحلیل و سازمان‌دهی قرار گرفتند تا دامنه‌های اصلی تأثیر تروما بر اختلالات روانی نوجوانان مشخص شود.

یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که نوجوانانی که تجربیات نامطلوب دوران کودکی را تجربه کرده‌اند، در معرض خطر بالاتر اختلالات افسردگی، اضطراب قرار دارند. شدت و تراکم تروماها با شدت علائم افسردگی و اضطراب رابطه مستقیم داشت. سوءرفتار جنسی، سوءرفتار عاطفی و غفلت عاطفی بیشترین تاثیر را داشتند. نقش میانجی تاب‌آوری، حمایت اجتماعی ادارک شده، تنظیم هیجان، کارکردهای اجرایی، اشتیاق تحصیلی و خودپنداره در کاهش اثر تروماها بر افسردگی و اضطراب در برخی مطالعات گزارش شد که می تواند اثرات منفی تروما را تعدیل کرده و خطر ابتلا به اختلالات روانی را کاهش دهد.

نتیجه گیری: تجربه تروماهای دوران کودکی، به ویژه سوءرفتار عاطفی، جنسی و غفلت، با افزایش احتمال بروز اختلالات افسردگی و اضطرابی در نوجوانان مرتبط است. تقویت متغیرهای میانجی حفاظتی و تمرکز بر پیشگیری و مداخله زودهنگام می‌تواند اثرات منفی این تجربیات را کاهش دهد. این یافته‌ها اهمیت طراحی برنامه‌های پیشگیری و مداخلات روانشناختی هدفمند برای نوجوانان در معرض تروما را تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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