نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج، کردستان، ایران.
3 گروه آموزش روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به نقش ورزشهای سازگارشده در ارتقای کارکردهای جسمانی و روانشناختی افراد با آسیب بینایی، بررسی اثربخشی این مداخلات از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر برنامه توانمندسازی مبتنی بر ورزش گلبال بر مهارتهای حرکتی، احساس تنهایی و نشاط ذهنی در دانشآموزان با آسیب بینایی انجام شد.
روش: این پژوهش نیمه تجربی از نوع پیش آزمون- پسآزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه دانشآموزان ۱۰ تا ۱۴ ساله با آسیب بینایی عضو هیئت نابینایان و کمبینایان استان کردستان در سال تحصیلی 1404-1405 بودند. با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری هدفمند، 30 نفر از آنها انتخاب و به شیوه تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (15 نفر) و کنترل (15 نفر) قرار داده شدند. گروه آزمایش 12 جلسه (دو جلسه 90 دقیقهای، در هفته) تحت برنامه توانمندسازی ورزش گلبال قرار گرفتند. جهت جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامههای مهارتهای حرکتی لینکلن - اوزرتسکی، احساس تنهایی و نشاط ذهنی استفاده شد. جهت تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها از تحلیل واریانس آمیخته با اندازه-گیری مکرر در نرم افزار SPSS-26 استفاده شد.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که برنامه توانمندسازی ورزش گلبال بهطور معناداری منجر به بهبود مهارتهای حرکتی، کاهش احساس تنهایی و افزایش نشاط ذهنی در گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل شده است (0/05 > p). این اثرات در مرحله پیگیری نیز پایدار بودند. اما بر احساس تنهایی عاطفی مؤثر نبود.
نتیجه گیری: یافتههای پژوهش حاضر بیانگر آن است که ورزش گلبال به عنوان یک مداخله حرکتی - اجتماعی میتواند بهعنوان یک روش مؤثر در بهبود مهارتهای حرکتی، کاهش احساس تنهایی و افزایش نشاط ذهنی در دانشآموزان با آسیب بینایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژهها
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