Original Article
Rehabilitation
Peyman Ghalandary; Mohammad Rostami; Mahshid Fourughan
Abstract
Background and Objective: Increasing age through bio-psycho-social changes related to aging and especially the older adult's interpretation of these changes, can be perceived as a threat to the individual and may slip him/her into suicidal thoughts. Recognition of facilitating and hindering factors with ...
Read More
Background and Objective: Increasing age through bio-psycho-social changes related to aging and especially the older adult's interpretation of these changes, can be perceived as a threat to the individual and may slip him/her into suicidal thoughts. Recognition of facilitating and hindering factors with influences on the process of developing suicidal thoughts based on a qualitative study can provide a clearer picture of the perceptions of older adults with suicidal thoughts and thus be helpful in designing more effective suicide prevention programs.Method: The method used in the present study was grounded theory. A sample included a total of 13 community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 60 years or above participated in this study and data was gathered by in depth interviews and were analyzed according to Strauss and Corbin's approach (2008). Constant comparative method, constant review of the written texts of interviews, field notes, memo writings, member check by the participants and experts were used to increase rigor of the study.Findings: The participants experienced facilitator and hindering factors during the process of developing Suicidal Thoughts. Research findings included 3 main themes and 15 subthemes. The main themes are as follows: “Individual characteristics of neuroticism”, “Maladaptive cognitive styles”, and “Protective potentials”.Conclusion: Intervening factors in the process of developing Suicidal Thoughts can lead to relief or more difficulty based on older adult’s experiences. Modifying hindering factors by more emphasis on personal abilities, interaction and communication with others and spiritual capacities can be helpful in reducing suicidal thoughts and maybe even eliminate them.
Original Article
Psychology
Javad Kazemi; Malihe Khabazi; Abed Majidi
Abstract
Background and Objective: The role of spiritual issues in the context of psychological issues of people with addiction can be considered. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the predictive role of attachment to God on Substance use tendency with the mediation of resilience.Method: ...
Read More
Background and Objective: The role of spiritual issues in the context of psychological issues of people with addiction can be considered. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the predictive role of attachment to God on Substance use tendency with the mediation of resilience.Method: This is descriptive correlational research. The research Statistical population is the students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in August 2023 to Juan 2024. The sample consisted of 150 female and male students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Updated questionnaires of attachment to God (Beck and MacDonald, 2006), substance orientation (Vide & Boucher, 1992) and resilience questionnaire (Connor and Davidson, 2003) were completed. The collected data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation and regression analysis through SPSS-21 software.Findings: The Results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment to God and resilience (r = 0.22, P < 0.001) and between attachment to God and Substance use tendency (r = -0.24, P< 0.001) and also there is a negative and significant relationship between resilience and Substance use tendency (r = -0.41, P = 0.001). In addition, resilience variable with (ß = -0.37, P < 0.001) and attachment to God variable with (ß = -0.16, P< 0.005) are significant predictors for Substance use tendency.Conclusion: The present study confirms the mediating role of the resilience variable in examining the relationship between attachment to God and Substance use tendency; Therefore, religious education in order to increase resilience in dealing with life's problems can prevent wrong behaviors, including the Substance use tendency.
Original Article
Psychological rehabilitation
Maryam Zabet; Farshad Zarei; Vahid Sarmadi Soultan; Saadat Taheri; Nasrin Moradi Kamasi
Abstract
Background and Objective: The mental health of mothers of children with special needs has emerged as a significant area of concern in psychology and special education. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group and individual ACT on improving valued living and psychological flexibility among ...
Read More
Background and Objective: The mental health of mothers of children with special needs has emerged as a significant area of concern in psychology and special education. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group and individual ACT on improving valued living and psychological flexibility among mothers of children with special needs.Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The population consisted of mothers of children with special needs in Kermanshah, Iran. A sample of 45 eligible mothers was selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: group ACT (n=15), individual ACT (n=15), and a control group (n=15). The intervention consisted of eight weekly 75-minute sessions. Data were collected using the Valuing Questionnaire (2003) and the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA with SPSS version 26.Findings: The results indicated that both group and individual ACT were significantly effective in improving valued living and psychological flexibility (p <0.001). However, the group therapy format demonstrated a greater impact on valued living compared to the individual format. Conversely, no significant difference was found between the two therapeutic modalities in terms of their effect on psychological flexibility.Conclusion: Both individual and group formats of ACT are effective in enhancing the valued living and psychological flexibility of mothers of children with special needs. The superior effect of the group format on valued living may be attributed to the inherent social support and positive interactions within the group setting.
Original Article
Psychology
Hashem Zarafshan; Mohammad Taghi Abdollahi; Abolfazl Rashidi Ahmadabadi; Firoozeh Sajedi; Masoumeh Pourmohammadzadeh Tajrishi
Abstract
Background and Objective: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face significant challenges in developing communication skills and social interactions. One of the fundamental difficulties in these children is joint attention, which is recognized as a key component in establishing effective communication. ...
Read More
Background and Objective: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face significant challenges in developing communication skills and social interactions. One of the fundamental difficulties in these children is joint attention, which is recognized as a key component in establishing effective communication. Play therapy, as an intervention method, is designed to enhance social skills and promote joint attention. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on joint attention in children with ASD.Method: This study is a qualitative experimental research using a single-subject A-B design with a pre-test and post-test structure. To implement the intervention, four children aged 3 to 4 years old (three boys and one girl) were randomly selected. Prior to the intervention, an initial assessment was conducted twice for each child using the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) developed by Mundy et al. (2013). The intervention included individual play therapy sessions held over 10 sessions for five weeks (twice a week,60 minutes per session). Follow-up assessments were collected after the second, fifth, eighth, and tenth sessions, and the data were analyzed using Cohen's D effect size.Findings: The results indicated that play therapy had a significant impact on improving the components of joint attention in children with ASD. Specifically, the findings showed a meaningful increase in initiating joint attention and responding to joint attention in the participating children after the intervention period (P< 0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that play therapy is an effective approach for enhancing joint attention. Therefore, play therapy can be used as a therapeutic intervention to increase joint attention in children with ASD.
Original Article
Psychological rehabilitation
Sharifi Mehdi; Shafigh Mehraban; Nasibeh Zanjari; Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz
Abstract
Background and Objective: It is very well-documented that mental health services and psychotherapy significantly contribute to maintain and improve older adults' mental health. However, there is evidence that older adults people have low willingness to receive mental health service. The purpose of this ...
Read More
Background and Objective: It is very well-documented that mental health services and psychotherapy significantly contribute to maintain and improve older adults' mental health. However, there is evidence that older adults people have low willingness to receive mental health service. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship stigma and depression with willingness to receive professional psychological services in older adults.Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on a sample of 200 community-dwelling older men and women 60 years and over in Tehran in 2018. The multistage cluster sampling method was employed to obtain the sample. Geriatric Depression Questionnaire, Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help and Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help – Short Form were used for data collection. The SPSS software version 24 using multiple linear regression analysis was used in data analysis.Findings: Regarding receiving counseling services, data analysis showed that 88% of the older adults did not consult a counselor. This is despite the fact that half of the Older adults have a very good attitude towards counseling services. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there is a significant negative relationship between depression and the willingness to receive psychological services, after controlling for demographic variables (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between stigma and the willingness to receive psychological services in both models with and without control of demographic variables (p<0.001).Conclusions: It is imperative that psychologists, counselors, and geriatric professionals encourage older adults, particularly depressed older adults to use psychological services as an effective and useful method in improving their mental health.
Original Article
Rehabilitation counseling
Maryam Bahmani; faramarz sohrabi; Bahman Bahmani
Abstract
Background and Objective: Mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face substantial daily stress due to the unique care demands of their children. These challenges may alter their perceptions of parenting, life meaning, and future prediction, increasing the risk of psychological distress ...
Read More
Background and Objective: Mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face substantial daily stress due to the unique care demands of their children. These challenges may alter their perceptions of parenting, life meaning, and future prediction, increasing the risk of psychological distress such as demoralization syndrome. This, in turn, may lead to a chronic negative cycle, worsening the child’s maladaptive behaviors and further complicating parenting. The present study aimed to investigate whether parenting behaviors can be predicted based on demoralization syndrome in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study employed a correlational design. By visiting special education schools and rehabilitation centers located in four geographical directions of Tehran, and securing the cooperation of administrators and mothers, a total of 130 participants were selected through purposive sampling. Participants were mothers of children aged 6 to 12 years diagnosed with ASD, whose diagnosis met inclusion criteria based on the GARS-3 scale. Data collection was conducted during winter 2022. The research instruments included the “Parental Behaviors Scale- Autism spectrum disorder (PBS_A)”, the GARS-3 Autism Rating Scale, and the “Demoralization Scale of Kissane”. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and linear regression was conducted.
Findings: The results indicated that demoralization syndrome predicted 6% of variance in positive parenting, 8% in discipline, 13.6% in rules, and 4.5% in developmental stimulation.
Conclusions: Mothers who reported higher severity of demoralization syndrome showed more disciplinary behaviors, but obtained lower scores in the positive parenting, rules and development stimulation subscales.
